Australian physicists are putting themselves out of a job, using AI to perform Nobel Prize-winning work.

Physicists from ANU and UNSW have used artificial intelligence to create an extremely cold gas trapped in a laser beam.

By recreating the ‘Bose-Einstein condensate’, the team has replicated the experiment that won the 2001 Nobel Prize.

“I didn’t expect the machine could learn to do the experiment itself, from scratch, in under an hour,” said co-lead researcher Paul Wigley from ANU.

“A simple computer program would have taken longer than the age of the universe to run through all the combinations and work this out.”

The inside of a Bose-Einstein condensate is one of the coldest places in the Universe - less than a billionth of a degree above absolute zero.

They could be used for mineral exploration or navigation systems as they are extremely sensitive to external disturbances, which allows them to make very precise measurements such as tiny changes in the Earth’s magnetic field or gravity.

The artificial intelligence system’s ability to set itself up quickly every morning and compensate for any overnight fluctuations can make this fragile technology much more useful for field measurements, said co-lead researcher Dr Michael Hush from UNSW.

“You could make a working device to measure gravity that you could take in the back of a car, and the artificial intelligence would recalibrate and fix itself no matter what,” he said.

“It’s cheaper than taking a physicist everywhere with you.”

The team cooled the gas to around 1 microkelvin, and then handed control of the three laser beams over to the artificial intelligence to cool the trapped gas down to nanokelvin.

Researchers were surprised by the methods the system came up with to ramp down the power of the lasers.

“It did things a person wouldn’t guess, such as changing one laser’s power up and down, and compensating with another,” said Mr Wigley.

“It may be able to come up with complicated ways humans haven't thought of to get experiments colder and make measurements more precise.

The new technique will lead to bigger and better experiments, said Dr Hush.

“Next we plan to employ the artificial intelligence to build an even larger Bose-Einstein condensate faster than we've seen ever before,” he said.

The research is published here.